Design of multi-band multi-section transmission line transformer using particle swarm optimization

The design of Nt -section matching transformer operating at Nt arbitrary frequencies using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is presented. Although analytical methods based on standard transmission line theory can be used in such designs, however, the analysis becomes cumbersome if Nt exceeds two, and numerical methods should be used to solve the resulting nonlinear equations. The design using the PSO, however, is much easier, and gives the same results as the analytical methods. Different examples are presented and compared with published literature.